What Is Jcaho & What Role Does It Play in the Current Healthcare System-Is It Necessary

Shakespeare Sance Homework # 4 The factors that would cause the lung to collapse are elastic recoil and high surface tension. And the factors that prevent the lungs from collapse are negative intrapulmonary pressure and surfactant. During expiration : volume increase and pressure decrease During inspiration : volume decrease and pressure increase The role of surfactant is to decrease surface tension by more than 40 times. And it's effect on surface tension is to prevent them from PO2 in alveolar : 104PO2 in venous blood : 40 PO2 in atmosphere : 160 PO2 in arterial : 100 PO2 in expired : 120 PO2 in inspired : 160 Co2 is 20 times more soluble in water than oxygen Anatomical dead space : the section where there is no gas exchange Physiological dead space : the sum of anatomical dead space and alveolar Dead space And it would only increase if a person is sick for example suffering from asthma . Compliance in respiratory care: how much stretch you have how much changes in pressure natural ly the lungs have a high compliance .Low compliance : pulmonary edema and cystic fibrosis High compliance : emphysema : where a person can get air in and can't get it out O2-Hb dissociation curve:when the curve mov to the right there is less saturation of hemoglobin . When is shift to the left less oxygen release more oxygen bound to hemoglobin. Situations that would cause more o2 to release are high temperature, low PH , exercise , high co2. Way O2 are transport: hemoglobin and plasmaWay CO2 are transport : plasma , bicarbonate ion , and carbamino-compounds Chloride shift : exchange of bicarbonate for chloride across the red blood cell The role of the phrenic nerve : excite the diaphragm and intercostal muscles , causing breathing movements. Anatomy respiratory membrane: a simple layer of squamous epithelial of alveolus and a simple layer of squamous epithelial of the capillary very thin, together the alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes form the respirat ory membrane.Increase in thickness of the respiratory membrane would decrease gas exchange or imputed gas exchange. Inspiratory center: comparable to the SA node this center sets the rhythmicity of respiration by spontaneously depolarizing and stimulating the phrenic nerve to cause inspiration. Expiratory center: it's caused as the inspiration center no longer stimulate the diaphragm stop expiratory allows us to respirate. Pneumotaxic center: this center inhibits the inspiratory center to limit the period of inspiration.Damage to the pneumotaxic center may cause prolonged inspirations. Apneustic center: this center stimulates the inspiratory center and is usually inhibited by the pneumotaxic center. Cortical nephron: has short loop of henle and glomerelus further from the corticomedullary junction. efferent arteriole supplies peritubular capillaries Justamedullary nephron: has long loop of henle and glomerulus closer to the corticomedullary junction. efferent arteriole supplies vasa recta.The filtration membrane: basement membrane, podocytes, and glomerular endothelium Pressure forces fluid out the glomerulus: glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure Force oppose fluid to move out : blood colloid osmotic pressure Afferent vasodilate: blood flow increase , blood pressure increase and GFR increase Efferent vasodilate: blood flow decrease, blood pressure decrease and GFR decrease Afferent vasoconstriction: blood flow decrease, blood pressure decrease and GFR decrease. Efferent vasoconstriction: blood flow increase , blood pressure increase and GFR increase.The role of renin is to cut angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1 and it's secreted when there is sense of low blood pressure. Everything that are reabsorbed back into the blood has tubular maximum and you exceed the T max , the exceed remind in the urine. The major hormones that regulates potassium secretion is aldosterone Acidosis: PH under 7. 35 Alkalosis: PH over 7. 45 PH: measures free hydrogen ions range from 0 t o 14 there is an inverse relationship between hydrogen ions and PH as hydrogen ion goes up PH went down Three majors ways to buffeting urine : chemical buffer system, bicarbonate buffer system and protein buffer system.Hypoventilation : PH went down Hyperventilation : PH goes up ECF: fluid inside the cell ICF : fluid outside the cell More sodium ECF than ICF More potassium ICF than ECF Countercurrent system: fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite direction And you will find one at the They shouldn't no red blood , protein , bile pigment and no glucose Intense SNS no urine Little SNS blood pressure goes up GFR goes up PSNS : more urine Sensible : sweat you can actually see they are hypotonic and has electrolytes Insensible : sweat you don't see come from your skin and you ears .